支气管哮喘急性发作评估及处理中国专家共识发布

2018-02-02 佚名 中华医学信息导报

支气管哮喘(哮喘)急性发作可对机体产生一系列的危害,并消耗了额外的医疗资源,造成了严重的社会经济负担,是哮喘致残和致死的重要原因。我国各级医院的临床医师在哮喘急性发作的诊断与处理上,尚存在诸多不规范的地方。为更好地规范临床医师对哮喘急性发作的医疗行为,提高哮喘急性发作的救治水平,中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组和中国哮喘联盟组织国内有关专家制订了《支气管哮喘急性发作评估及处理中国专家共识》,供广大同

支气管哮喘(哮喘)急性发作可对机体产生一系列的危害,并消耗了额外的医疗资源,造成了严重的社会经济负担,是哮喘致残和致死的重要原因。我国各级医院的临床医师在哮喘急性发作的诊断与处理上,尚存在诸多不规范的地方。为更好地规范临床医师对哮喘急性发作的医疗行为,提高哮喘急性发作的救治水平,中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组和中国哮喘联盟组织国内有关专家制订了《支气管哮喘急性发作评估及处理中国专家共识》,供广大同道参考。

哮喘急性发作是指喘息、气促、咳嗽、胸闷等症状突然发生,或原有症状急剧加重,伴有呼吸困难,以呼气流量降低为其特征,通常需要改变治疗药物。

诱发因素 诱发因素是指能诱发哮喘患者急性发作、加重哮喘症状的因素。多种诱发因素有季节性特点,与呼吸道感染、过敏原吸入及天气变化等因素有关。

发病机制 哮喘急性发作是下呼吸道对环境暴露的过度反应,慢性气道炎症基础上的气道炎症急性加重是急性发作的核心,同时气流阻塞和气道反应性加重。

治疗目标 急性发作依病情轻重分轻度、中度、重度和危重度四个等级,其总体治疗目标在于尽快缓解症状、解除支气管痉挛和改善缺氧,恢复肺功能,预防进一步恶化或再次发作,防治并发症。

治疗药物 哮喘急性发作时的常用药物包括支气管舒张剂和激素,对经各种常规药物治疗气喘症状仍未缓解者,可酌情选用非常规的治疗药物。

预后 哮喘急性发作的表现形式、持续时间、严重程度不一,其转归和预后也有很大差别。大多数表现为短暂、轻微的发作,可自行或在治疗后恢复至相对良好的发作前状态。

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