AJCD:外用维甲酸对色素性皮肤患者痤疮和炎症后色素沉着的影响

2021-11-19 医路坦克 MedSci原创

由于痤疮是引起色素沉着的常见原因,早期积极治疗粉刺是必不可少的。外用维甲酸对治疗痤疮非常有效,而且由于其抗炎特性,还可以改善色素沉着。

     色素沉着是有色皮肤(SOC)患者寻求皮肤科治疗的常见原因之一。炎症后色素沉着(PIH),包括痤疮引起的色素沉着,当炎症或损伤导致黑色素在表皮或真皮过度产生或异常沉积时发生。炎症后色素沉着患者表皮中的皮损通常是棕褐色到深棕色,可以持续12个月。皮肤损伤倾向于蓝色或灰色,可能会持续数年。炎症后色素沉着可由多种不同的皮肤损伤引起,如昆虫叮咬、局部刺激物、烧伤和丘疹鳞状病变。然而,痤疮是导致炎症后色素沉着的主要原因之一,特别是在黑色素皮肤丰富的患者中。这些患者可能有色素沉着的痤疮皮损、色素沉着的斑点,或者两者兼有。由于色素沉着过度是痤疮后遗症,早期和积极的痤疮治疗对于SOC患者PIH的管理和预防非常重要。然而,这种方法必须与治疗相关的皮肤刺激的风险相平衡,导致其自身的色素沉着异常和预先存在的色素沉着过度恶化。应该强烈考虑刺激性较小的治疗方法,并且对痤疮和色素沉着过度都有效。

维A酸类药物在痤疮治疗中的应用

    美国皮肤病学会(AAD)推荐外用维A酸治疗和管理痤疮。美国食品和药物管理局目前批准用于治疗痤疮的维甲酸类化合物如下:维A酸(凝胶[0.01%至0.1%],霜剂[0.025%至0.1%],0.05%乳液);阿达帕林(0.1%溶液,0.1%和0.3%凝胶,0.1%霜,0.1%乳液);他扎罗汀(0.1%凝胶,0.1%霜,0.1%泡沫,0.045%乳液);以及曲法罗汀(0.005%霜)。这些维A酸可以作为单一疗法使用,也可以与其他非维甲酸治疗联合使用。

    维甲酸通过与核内维甲酸受体(RAR)或维甲酸X受体(RXR)结合发挥其生物学效应。视黄酸受体有三种类型(α,β和γ),每种维甲酸药物都有其独特的结合特性。类维甲酸的抗痤疮作用是因为它们能够减少角质形成细胞的增殖,使毛囊分化正常化,从而恢复正常的脱皮并帮助疏通毛孔。外用维甲酸还具有抗炎作用,包括抑制细菌诱导的促炎途径,抑制Toll样受体,减少细胞因子和一氧化氮的释放。此外,维A酸可以通过抑制黑素小体向角质形成细胞的转移和增加表皮周转率来纠正色素问题。

新疗法维A酸对痤疮和色素沉着的影响

   虽然维A酸在有效治疗痤疮和产生良好的色素沉着方面有好处,但它们可能会产生刺激,导致色素变化。为了解决刺激性和耐受性问题,为维甲酸和他扎罗汀开发了新的洗剂配方。

0.05%维甲酸洗剂采用聚合乳液技术开发而成,形成蜂窝基质,提供活性成分的均匀分布(微粉化以获得更均匀的分散,并促进扩散到皮肤毛囊开口),以及保湿/保湿成分的均匀分散。

他扎罗汀0.045%洗液是利用母乳技术开发的,在母乳技术中,活性和保湿/保湿成分被包裹在油滴中,并均匀悬浮在三维网状基质中,与皮肤接触时会立即分解。这些乳液配方可提供与他扎罗汀乳膏相当的功效,但可明显减少刺激作用。他扎罗汀和维甲酸的乳液制剂已被批准用于面部痤疮,来自III期试验的汇总事后分析显示,在中度至重度痤疮参与者治疗12周后,相对于媒介物,炎症和非炎症计数在统计学上显着降低。

早期治疗和联合治疗

早期有效地治疗痤疮是减少长期后遗症的关键,如色素沉着和瘢痕疙瘩(包括瘢痕疙瘩),而这些后遗症在SOC患者的治疗中可能非常具有挑战性。外用维甲酸具有消炎和溶解粉刺的作用,这使其成为治疗痤疮和色素沉着的理想药物,被认为是大多数患者的一线治疗,除非有禁忌症或耐受性不佳。对于对局部维甲酸有皮肤反应的患者,可能需要使用新的配方进行试验。类维A酸是治疗的重要部分,但许多患者可能需要一种多模式的方法来解决与痤疮和色素沉着相关的不同疾病机制。可与维甲酸联合使用的局部治疗包括:

杜鹃酸

这种天然产生的酸具有抗炎、抗感染和抗氧化特性。它可以通过抑制酪氨酸酶来减少色素沉着,酪氨酸酶对黑色素的产生至关重要。使用15%杜鹃酸泡沫剂的研究显示可以改善痤疮;使用15%杜鹃酸凝胶的研究显示可以改善色素沉着。


含有过氧化苯甲酰(BP)的抗生素

将外用抗生素(如克林霉素、红霉素)与BP联合使用可降低耐药风险。这些联合疗法可能在减少色素沉着方面有效,正如克林霉素/BP 1%/5%凝胶在SOC患者中的应用。

氨苯砜

氨苯砜同时具有抗微生物和抗炎特性,这使得它可以在广泛的皮肤病条件下使用。氨苯砜7.5%凝胶被批准用于治疗痤疮。

对苯二酚

氢醌通过充当酪氨酸酶的替代底物来抑制黑色素的产生,可能会破坏黑色素细胞和黑素小体的降解。氢醌一直是皮肤美白的中流砥柱,与外用维甲酸联合使用可能会进一步增强其效果。

氟喹诺酮/对苯二酚/维甲酸(0.01%/4%/0.05%乳膏)的三联制剂被批准用于面部中到重度黄褐斑的短期治疗。对于痤疮诱发的炎症后色素沉着,患者可能需要小心地将局部氢醌涂抹在受影响的区域,以避免不必要的色素减退。

    对于SOC患者来说,色素沉着是最常见和最麻烦的皮肤病之一。由于痤疮是引起色素沉着的常见原因,早期积极治疗粉刺是必不可少的。外用维甲酸对治疗痤疮非常有效,而且由于其抗炎特性,还可以改善色素沉着。对于敏感皮肤的患者,新的乳液可能比旧的维甲酸配方更不刺激。

 

文献来源:Callender VD,  Baldwin H,  Cook-Bolden FE, Effects of Topical Retinoids on Acne and Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Patients with Skin of Color: A Clinical Review and Implications for Practice.Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Nov 09;

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    2022-07-09 sunylz
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680774, encodeId=f2e91680e74a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 09:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811022, encodeId=318b1811022de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e2786e100c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86710, encryptionId=3e2786e100c, topicName=色素性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87d405, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 18:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1077245, encodeId=2c6f10e724540, content=维甲酸应该在痤疮抹剂中又是一个新的方向,第四代用完了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210707/dfa1d7043053476eaeeddba78d90b0c9/0930e465992941019327dac137126573.jpg, createdBy=2f1e5543605, createdName=Sopie, createdTime=Mon Dec 06 08:40:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073767, encodeId=27e210e3767a2, content=学习啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7e96144741, createdName=ms2000001288999515, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 09:36:09 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071992, encodeId=202b10e1992ef, content=好好学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbcd5675699, createdName=moyanju2796, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 08:38:22 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-10 Homburg
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680774, encodeId=f2e91680e74a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 09:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811022, encodeId=318b1811022de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e2786e100c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86710, encryptionId=3e2786e100c, topicName=色素性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87d405, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 18:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1077245, encodeId=2c6f10e724540, content=维甲酸应该在痤疮抹剂中又是一个新的方向,第四代用完了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210707/dfa1d7043053476eaeeddba78d90b0c9/0930e465992941019327dac137126573.jpg, createdBy=2f1e5543605, createdName=Sopie, createdTime=Mon Dec 06 08:40:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073767, encodeId=27e210e3767a2, content=学习啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7e96144741, createdName=ms2000001288999515, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 09:36:09 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071992, encodeId=202b10e1992ef, content=好好学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbcd5675699, createdName=moyanju2796, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 08:38:22 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-06 Sopie

    维甲酸应该在痤疮抹剂中又是一个新的方向,第四代用完了吧

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680774, encodeId=f2e91680e74a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 09:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811022, encodeId=318b1811022de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e2786e100c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86710, encryptionId=3e2786e100c, topicName=色素性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87d405, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 18:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1077245, encodeId=2c6f10e724540, content=维甲酸应该在痤疮抹剂中又是一个新的方向,第四代用完了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210707/dfa1d7043053476eaeeddba78d90b0c9/0930e465992941019327dac137126573.jpg, createdBy=2f1e5543605, createdName=Sopie, createdTime=Mon Dec 06 08:40:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073767, encodeId=27e210e3767a2, content=学习啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7e96144741, createdName=ms2000001288999515, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 09:36:09 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071992, encodeId=202b10e1992ef, content=好好学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbcd5675699, createdName=moyanju2796, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 08:38:22 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-25 ms2000001288999515

    学习啦

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680774, encodeId=f2e91680e74a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 09:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811022, encodeId=318b1811022de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e2786e100c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86710, encryptionId=3e2786e100c, topicName=色素性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87d405, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 18:22:18 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1077245, encodeId=2c6f10e724540, content=维甲酸应该在痤疮抹剂中又是一个新的方向,第四代用完了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210707/dfa1d7043053476eaeeddba78d90b0c9/0930e465992941019327dac137126573.jpg, createdBy=2f1e5543605, createdName=Sopie, createdTime=Mon Dec 06 08:40:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073767, encodeId=27e210e3767a2, content=学习啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7e96144741, createdName=ms2000001288999515, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 09:36:09 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071992, encodeId=202b10e1992ef, content=好好学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbcd5675699, createdName=moyanju2796, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 08:38:22 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-20 moyanju2796

    好好学习。

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