8 招搞定肿瘤患者深静脉血栓形成的抗凝治疗

2016-08-27 子弹头 肿瘤时间

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是癌症患者死亡的第二大病因,发生血栓栓塞的癌症患者的总体死亡率高, 1 年生存率只有无栓癌症患者的 1/3。5%~20% 的肿瘤患者会发展为 VTE,放化疗、手术以及转移等因素也可增高血栓风险。VTE 发生的原因可能与肿瘤产生的黏蛋白、组织因子相关因素、半胱氨酸蛋白酶,导致了血栓和局部缺氧相关。1预防性抗凝治疗临床上,考虑是否应用预防性抗凝治疗的因素包括:深静脉血栓史、肿瘤和

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是癌症患者死亡的第二大病因,发生血栓栓塞的癌症患者的总体死亡率高, 1 年生存率只有无栓癌症患者的 1/3。

5%~20% 的肿瘤患者会发展为 VTE,放化疗、手术以及转移等因素也可增高血栓风险。

VTE 发生的原因可能与肿瘤产生的黏蛋白、组织因子相关因素、半胱氨酸蛋白酶,导致了血栓和局部缺氧相关。

1预防性抗凝治疗

临床上,考虑是否应用预防性抗凝治疗的因素包括:深静脉血栓史、肿瘤和腺病引起的血管压迫和遗传性易栓症。

肿瘤患者的血栓风险包括:长期制动、激素治疗、血管生成抑制剂的应用。

门诊接受化疗和预防性抗凝治疗的癌症患者需要密切关注:肾功能、血小板计数,发生改变可能提示有出血风险,应及时停止抗凝治疗。

血小板计数<50000/mm3 ,停止任何剂量的抗凝药物;血栓风险极高的患者,若血小板计数>30000/mm3 ,可以继续预防性抗凝治疗。

ASCO 最新威廉亚洲博彩公司 推荐的抗凝治疗

1. 已确定的深静脉血栓和肺栓塞推荐低分子量肝素用于最初 5~10 天的起始治疗,也可用于至少 6 个月的长期二级预防。

2. 如果没有其他的适应症,抗凝药物不应用作延长癌症患者生存期的治疗。

3. 大多数肿瘤住院患者在整个住院治疗期间须预防血栓。小手术或短期输液化疗患者的常规血栓预防措施没有充分数据支持。

4. 正在行沙利度胺/来那度胺联合化疗或地塞米松治疗的多发性骨髓瘤患者,静脉血栓栓塞发生率为 23%~75%,应以低分子量肝素、低剂量阿司匹林或华法林预防静脉血栓栓塞。

5. 即将接受大型手术的癌症患者,在手术前予预防干预持续至少 7~10 天。接受腹部或盆腔大手术的患者,基于手术的高风险,血栓预防干预时间延长至术后 4 周。

6. 流动的癌症患者不推荐常规血栓预防措施。考虑用于经选择的高风险的患者。

7. 新型口服抗凝血药物目前不推荐。

8. 应对癌症患者定期评估 VTE 风险,对于静脉血栓栓塞风险增高的患者——Khorana 评分 ≥ 3 分或胰腺癌、肺癌、胃癌患者,需向患者介绍预防性抗凝治疗的风险和获益,可预防性剂量的小分子肝素或普通肝素。

2静脉血栓者需要筛查癌症吗?

2015 年 7 月加拿大研究者发表在 NEJM 上一项 854 例患者的研究显示:罹患不明原因静脉血栓的患者隐匿性癌的发病率较低,腹部和骨盆常规 CT 筛查等过多的检查并不能为肿瘤早期诊断提供帮助,反而会使患者受到一些检查所带来的损害。

因此,为了让患者获益更多,临床医师们应该注意「少即是多」。

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    2016-12-01 xue8602
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    2017-01-18 fusion
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    2016-09-02 jyzxjiangqin

    确实不错。

    0

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    2016-08-30 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955243, encodeId=1d0419552434f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 00:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697349, encodeId=18a6169e349ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 14:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109822, encodeId=f4d810982243, content=确实不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 17:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107526, encodeId=289310e526f8, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 14:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424166, encodeId=b2151424166cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 14:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483243, encodeId=ec95148324388, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c82e991e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99177, encryptionId=c82e991e71b, topicName=静脉血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d387907505, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 14:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106767, encodeId=57ee106e6702, content=继续学习,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=06731943211, createdName=靠近你, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106726, encodeId=cb4e106e2696, content=学习啦,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-08-29 靠近你

    继续学习,感谢分享

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1955243, encodeId=1d0419552434f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0aeb991e44c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99174, encryptionId=0aeb991e44c, topicName=静脉血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d139492, createdName=xue8602, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 00:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697349, encodeId=18a6169e349ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 14:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=109822, encodeId=f4d810982243, content=确实不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Fri Sep 02 17:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=107526, encodeId=289310e526f8, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Tue Aug 30 14:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424166, encodeId=b2151424166cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 14:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483243, encodeId=ec95148324388, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c82e991e71b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉血栓形成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99177, encryptionId=c82e991e71b, topicName=静脉血栓形成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d387907505, createdName=ms5187542471278033, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 14:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106767, encodeId=57ee106e6702, content=继续学习,感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=06731943211, createdName=靠近你, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106726, encodeId=cb4e106e2696, content=学习啦,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Aug 29 10:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-29 医路开来

    学习啦,谢谢分享

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