JNNP:抗CD20单抗疗法降低多发性硬化症或视神经脊髓炎患者对SARS-CoV-2的体液免疫应答

2021-08-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

本文进行了一项前瞻性研究,评估MS或视神经脊髓炎(NMO-SD)患者队列中的接受或不接受免疫调节或免疫抑制治疗的血清流行率和抗S IgG、抗S IgA和抗N IgG水平。

自COVID-19爆发以来,抗CD20单抗疗法用来降低多发性硬化症或视神经脊髓炎患者对SARS-CoV-2的体液免疫应答。很多研究分析了COVID-19感染者中多发性硬化症(MS)患者中的严重性的危险因素。大约70%的MS患者接受疾病修饰疗法(DMT)。研究显示,B淋巴细胞和皮质类固醇的DMT与COVID-19的风险增加有关。尽管针对SARS-CoV-2的免疫应答的早期阶段主要涉及先天免疫,然后是特异性T和B细胞适应性免疫,接受抗CD20治疗的患者的B细胞免疫反应缺陷可能导致SARS-CoV-2清除受损,因此,COVID-19感染者中的多发性硬化症患者出现严重和/或长期症状的风险更高。

与任何病毒感染一样,细胞和体液免疫反应有望防止再次感染。然而,关于新冠病毒-19复发风险的数据仍然很少。一项研究表明,在6个月的随访期内,70%以上的新冠肺炎患者显示出识别SARS-CoV-2受体结合结构域(RBD)或核衣壳蛋白的抗体。此外,IgG-S滴度与中和SARS-CoV-2的能力相关,中和抗体的存在可能有助于防止新的感染。然而,中和抗体的水平、功能和减弱在个体之间差异很大,这可能使一些患者在随后的新冠病毒爆发浪潮中更容易再次感染。使用抗CD20治疗的炎症性CNS疾病患者的血清转化率降低。然而,目前还没有系统评估免疫抑制剂治疗的炎症性中枢神经系统疾病患者和免疫功能低下人群中COVID-19后的血清转化情况。为了提高不同DMT对SARS-COV2免疫应答影响的认识,本文进行了一项前瞻性研究,评估MS或视神经脊髓炎(NMO-SD)患者队列中的接受或不接受免疫调节或免疫抑制治疗的血清流行率和抗S IgG、抗S IgA和抗N IgG水平。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上(

 

本文进行了一项单中心前瞻性研究,以收集MS或NMO-SD患者的血清样本,旨在确定MS或NMO-SD中COVID-19的特征。血清采样至少在新冠病毒发病后21天、随访6个月和12个月时进行。所有研究数据均使用RedCap上的电子临床记录表进行识别和收集(https://www.project-redcap.org/)。病人纳入标准为:年龄≥18年,至少符合以下标准之一的COVID-19诊断标准:(1)基于鼻咽拭子阳性(2)典型胸部CT异常(磨玻璃阴影),(3)典型症状(乏力、呼吸困难、咳嗽、发烧)。收集了新冠病毒-19的症状、诊断数据和严重程度,评分从1到714。

Figure 1

多发性硬化症或视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍患者中每个DMT组的SARS-CoV-2血清学

血液样本在4°C下离心,然后将2mL血清分为4等分的500份uL。使用Cobas 8000上的罗氏免疫分析试剂盒(参考号03507343190),进行总免疫球蛋白定量测量(抗IgG、IgA和IgM)。 三种免疫球蛋白的参考范围为IgG(7-16 g/L),IgA(0.7-4 g/L),IgM(0.4-2.3 g/L)。此外进行SARS-CoV-2抗体检测。使用Abbott Alinity仪器和Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG测定法测定血清IgG。该检测是一种化学发光微粒免疫检测法,用于半定量检测抗核蛋白(N)的IgG和定量检测抗刺突蛋白(S)的IgG。使用酶联免疫吸附试验(抗SARS-CoV-2 ELISA,EuroImmun)测定S蛋白S1结构域的血清IgA。

Figure 2

多发性硬化或视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍患者DMT组中的抗IgG滴度

总计纳入119名患者(115 MS,4NMO,平均年龄:43.0岁)。需要住院接受新冠病毒治疗的患者接受了以下DMT:奥克列珠单抗(2例)、利妥昔单抗(1例)、富马酸二甲酯(2例)、特氟米特(1例)、无DMT(1例)。新冠病毒的症状与之前在普通人群中报告的症状相似,最常见的症状是乏力(82/119,68.9%)、发热(67/119,56.3%)和嗅觉缺失(63/119,52.9%)。感染后5个月内血清转化率为80.6%。20/21(95.2%)无DMT的患者和66/77(85.7%)除抗CD20治疗外接受DMT的患者至少有一例SARS-CoV-2免疫球蛋白阳性,而抗CD20患者的这一比率降至仅10/21(47.6%)(p<0.001)。

关于总Ig水平,服用干扰素和醋酸格拉替拉霉素的患者的IgG水平高于其他组(p=0.005) 与其他组相比,特氟米特组的IgA水平较低(p=0.003),而抗CD20和纳他利珠单抗组的IgM水平较低(p=0.01) 和p分别为0.04)。96/119(80.6%)患者至少有一次SARS-CoV-2 Ig血清学检测呈阳性。与所有其他DMT组相比,使用抗CD20的患者具有较低的抗S IgG阳性率(p<0.001)、较低的抗S IgG滴度(p<0.001)、较低的抗S IgA阳性率(p=0.05)和较低的抗N IgG阳性率(p<0.001)。其他DMT亚组之间未发现差异。接受抗CD20治疗的患者至少有一例SARS-CoV-2免疫球蛋白阳性,而66/77(85.7%)接受除抗CD20外的DMT治疗的患者和20/21(95.2%)未接受DMT治疗的患者的情况也是如此(p<0.001)。

几项研究表明,服用抗CD20的MS或NMO-SD患者感染风险增加,可能与低丙种球蛋白血症有关。服用奥雷利珠单抗的MS患者对含破伤风类毒素疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗和流感疫苗的IgG反应减半。在本文的研究中,总IgG水平往往与抗S IgG滴度和抗SARS-CoV-2 Ig阳性相关。感染后免疫反应在MS患者中的研究通常很少。总之,在接受抗CD20治疗的MS或NMO-SD患者中,SARS-CoV-2抗体反应降低。在这一人群中监测再感染的长期风险和特定的疫苗接种策略可能是必要的。

Louapre CIbrahim MMaillart E, et al Anti-CD20 therapies decrease humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

 

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667022, encodeId=11f1166e022a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5fda90e061e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90706, encryptionId=5fda90e061e, topicName=视神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14db26078051, createdName=gj0740, createdTime=Tue Nov 02 08:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983183, encodeId=e8261983183d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7a7e359478' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬化症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73594, encryptionId=a7a7e359478, topicName=硬化症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a691420, 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href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400254, encodeId=d5ec140025466, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10cc2901458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫应答#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29014, encryptionId=10cc2901458, topicName=免疫应答)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a602256775, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-10 jml2009
  5. 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status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-18 xlysu
  6. 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status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-07 hukaixun
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667022, encodeId=11f1166e022a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5fda90e061e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90706, encryptionId=5fda90e061e, topicName=视神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14db26078051, createdName=gj0740, createdTime=Tue Nov 02 08:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983183, encodeId=e8261983183d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a7a7e359478' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬化症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73594, encryptionId=a7a7e359478, topicName=硬化症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a691420, 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href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400254, encodeId=d5ec140025466, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10cc2901458' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫应答#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29014, encryptionId=10cc2901458, topicName=免疫应答)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7a602256775, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-01-29 aliceclz
  8. 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status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-11 小刀医生
  9. 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status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1483193, encodeId=8f8a148319384, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abcd90e22c3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经脊髓炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90722, encryptionId=abcd90e22c3, topicName=视神经脊髓炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4a587885671, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 13:48:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  10. 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