我国抗抑郁药物市场发展现状分析

2019-11-26 佚名 火石创造

根据世界卫生组织报告,目前抑郁症是全球第四大疾病负担,也是导致患者功能残疾的主要原因之一,全球抑郁症发病率约为11%,全球约有3.4亿抑郁症患者,大约有1/7的人会在人生的某个阶段遭受抑郁症困扰。

根据世界卫生组织报告,目前抑郁症是全球第四大疾病负担,也是导致患者功能残疾的主要原因之一,全球抑郁症发病率约为11%,全球约有3.4亿抑郁症患者,大约有1/7的人会在人生的某个阶段遭受抑郁症困扰。

抑郁症概况

抑郁症又称忧郁症、抑郁障碍,以显着而持久的情绪低落为主要临床特征,是一种常见的精神疾病,临床可见与处境不相称的心境低落,情绪消沉可以从闷闷不乐到悲痛欲绝,自卑抑郁,甚至悲观厌世,可有自杀企图或行为;甚至发生木僵;部分病例有明显的焦虑和运动性激越;严重者可出现幻觉、妄想等精神病性症状。

图1 抑郁症的常见症状



资料来源:网络公开资料,火石创造整理

至今,人类对抑郁症的确切病因尚不清楚,其发病机制复杂,但可以肯定的是生物、心理与社会环境诸多方面因素参与导致,通常与性别、遗传因素、社会环境影响、早年创伤经历、疾病和药物有关。

表1 抑郁症的常见分类及特征




资料来源:网络公开资料,火石创造整理

抑郁症患病现状

全球范围内,抑郁症被列为非致命健康损失的最大“贡献者”之一,其呈现“四高二低”特点(高发病、高复发、高负担、高自杀、低识别、低就诊)。

1. 国外抑郁症患病现状

在欧盟,抑郁症产生的相关费用超过1180亿欧元。这相当于整个欧盟地区生产总值的1%。

美国医药研究与制造商协会发布的一份报告指出,美国抑郁人群约为6150万,相当于总人口的1/4,在13~18岁之间的青少年中,约20%有严重的精神疾病;8~15岁的青少年中有13%有严重的精神疾病。重度抑郁、轻中度抑郁、躁郁症影响着2100万(9.5%)的美国成年人。

2. 我国抑郁症患病现状

我国抑郁患者近亿人,占总人群的7.3%,保守估计有2亿人在一生中需要接受专业的心理咨询或心理治疗。作为一种高致残性疾病,抑郁症已经成为我国一个重大的公共卫生问题。预计到2030年,抑郁障碍更将成为中国疾病负担位居第一的疾病。

根据我国官方媒体公布的数据估计,我国抑郁症人群总数在9000万人左右,占总人口的7%左右,已经是目前全球抑郁症患病人数最多的国家。在患者中,一般女性患者多于男性患者,职业人群多于非职业人群,此外,生活在北上广等大城市面临高压力高竞争环境的白领们,也是此病的高发人群。

我国抗抑郁药物发展现状

2019年颁布的国家医保目录中,精神兴奋药抗抑郁临床用药包括非选择性单胺重摄取抑制剂、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、其他抗抑郁药3个小类共23个药物。

当前国内抗抑郁症临床药物品种结构逐渐完善,主要由选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、选择性5-羟色胺及去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRI)、去甲肾上腺素及特异性5-羟色胺抗抑郁药(NaSSA)、5-HT受体拮抗和再摄取抑制剂(SARIs)、选择性5-HTIA受体激动剂和其他药物6个类别构成。

1. 抗抑郁药物市场集中度高

药物品种方面,由于5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)较以往的TCA类抗抑郁药物具有不同的结构和药理机制且疗效明确,不良反应少,应用安全,因而近年来迅速成为临床上的一线抗抑郁药,是目前最重要的一类抗抑郁药。

至今已有30多个SSRIs类品种在全球应用,TOP10分别为艾司西酞普兰、舍曲林、文拉法辛、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、氟哌噻吨+美利曲辛、米氮平、氟西汀、西酞普兰和氟伏沙明,合计市场份额远超90%,抗抑郁药物市场集中度较高。





图2 2018年国内医院抗抑郁药物用药市场格局概况(按品种)

2. 外企占市场主导地位,国内以仿制药为主

从我国公立医院抗抑郁药的市场竞争格局来看,外资企业和合资企业在市场中占据了主导地位,合计约占总市场的90%,国内企业市场占比仅10%。据悉,辉瑞、丹麦灵北、礼来、山东京卫制药、华海药业五大药企占整个抗抑郁市场一半以上的份额,其中辉瑞、丹麦灵北和礼来呈现三强争霸的局面。2018年销售额TOP10的产品中,TOP5销售额均超5亿元,其中丹麦灵北制药的草酸艾司西酞普兰片销售额位居首位。

纵观国内企业布局抗抑郁药物市场,可看出国内企业在此细分领域是以仿制药为主或全部为仿制药,这与长期以来人们对抑郁症的重视程度不高、对治疗抵触而导致这个细分领域受关注度少、经济价值被低估有关,因而少有企业会大量投入进行新产品研发,通常选择仿制药这条较为便捷的道路。

抗抑郁药药物市场分析

1. 抗抑郁药市场已连续多年保持快速增长

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,全球抑郁症患者多达3.5亿人,其中我国患者数量近亿,占总人群的7.3%。目前我国抑郁症患者就诊率低(真正接受抗抑郁有效治疗的患者比例依然不足10%),抑郁药市场还有巨大的爆发空间,据悉,抗抑郁药在国内医院的销售额近年来持续增加,2018年医院销售额同比增长19%。

2. 抗抑郁药物市场发展前景仍然广阔

在我国抗抑郁用药仍然是一个相对小众的领域。原因一方面是抑郁症的概念在我国普及程度较低,大多数人可能认为病人出现情绪低落的情绪后可以自我调节而没有引起足够的重视;另一方面是对抑郁症认知错误,讳疾忌医,从而即使被诊断出是抑郁症也有很多人对治疗有抵触情绪。

虽然随着我国发展进程加快,各种社会矛盾突出,人们的生活压力增加,抑郁症的发病率持续上升,但抑郁症用药仍旧只涉及少部分患病人群,与欧美国家有较大差距。从欧美较为成熟的抑郁症诊疗观念及市场来看,我国抗抑郁药物市场发展前景广阔。我国近亿人受抑郁症困扰,成熟的市场规模有望达200亿元,而现有的市场规模不足85亿元,抑郁症是一块巨大的蛋糕,发展潜力非常巨大。

近年来随着抑郁症用药市场的高速发展,产品申报呈现繁荣的态势。根据我国CDE 数据显示,截至2019年11月25日,西酞普兰(含艾司西酞普兰)等抗抑郁药物的已批品种(含进口药)按批准文号和在审品种按受理号数量较多。

3. 政策利好,国内抗抑郁药市场正逐渐改变

虽然目前国内抗抑郁药市场主要由外资企业领先,但随着人们由于生活节奏加快导致精神压力日益严重、治疗观念的转变以及可支配收入的提升,抗抑郁药领域越来越受到重。

以华海药业、科伦药业、康弘药业、京新药业为代表的国内企业布局抗抑郁药市场的积极性也在提高,在一致性评价及带量采购政策下,正逐渐从“以仿制为主,凭一致性评价抢占更多原研药市场份额”向“仿创结合,提升创新研发能力开辟更大增长空间”转变,有望实现国产替代。

华海药业利用海外制剂转报国内优势实现一致性评价弯道超车,其中已有盐酸帕罗西汀片顺利通过一致性评价、舍曲林以正常口服化学药品一致性评价的流程在进行相关申报工作、草酸艾司西酞普兰和盐酸度洛西汀肠溶胶囊按照共线生产转报国内也已在审评审批中,抗抑郁药物贮备较为丰富。

2019年,科伦药业和复星医药的艾司西酞普兰双双通过一致性评价;京新药业的舍曲林已于去年底向CDE申报一致性评价;康弘药业的文拉法辛一致性评价工作也在顺利推进。

结语

近几年,由于大众对抑郁症的认识逐步提高,主动就诊的人群不断增加。抑郁症日益严峻的发病形势拉动了抗抑郁药市场的逐年增长,可预见,未来抗抑郁药物市场将继续保持较高的增长潜力。

目前国内抗抑郁药市场主要由外资企业领先,科伦、复星等国内企业布局抗抑郁药市场的积极性也在提高。随着国家给予通过一致性评价品种的相关优惠政策相继落地,通过一致性评价品种将在价格与质量的双重优势的保驾护航之下与原研药逐鹿市场。

国内企业将乘政策东风迎头追赶,在一致性评价及带量采购政策下,通过一致性评价品种的高质量仿制药有望进一步抢占原研药市场份额,抗抑郁药市场有望实现国产替代。

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    2020-05-26 wetgdt
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