NAT COMMON:何祥火团队发表多项非编码RNA与肝癌发生发展相关重要成果

2018-04-25 BioArt BioArt

肝癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,在全球肿瘤死亡率中排名前三。美国癌症学会CA Cancer J. Clin杂志2017年的数据统计显示,全球共有782,500例新发肝癌病例和745,500例死亡病例,而中国就占病例总数和死亡人数的50%左右。如果按照目前的肝癌发病趋势,2030年肝癌可能超过乳腺癌和结直肠癌成为癌症发病的首要原因。目前,对于肝

肝癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,在全球肿瘤死亡率中排名前三。美国癌症学会CA Cancer J. Clin杂志2017年的数据统计显示,全球共有782,500例新发肝癌病例和745,500例死亡病例,而中国就占病例总数和死亡人数的50%左右。如果按照目前的肝癌发病趋势,2030年肝癌可能超过乳腺癌结直肠癌成为癌症发病的首要原因。目前,对于肝癌发生的分子机制尽管有各种各样的解释,但是仍然了解的并不是十分清楚。因此,深入鉴定和表征一些习性肝癌发生发展相关基因无论从分子机制层面还是将来的临床应用层面都具有重要意义。

人类基因组蕴藏着数目巨大的非编码RNA基因。基因组学研究表明,哺乳动物基因组只有不到2%转录为蛋白质,而超过98%转录为非编码RNA(ncRNA)。ncRNA根据长度大小分为小RNA,如microRNA,siRNA,piRNA, LncRNA以及环状RNA等。长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNAs , lncRNAs)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、没有或者微弱编码蛋白能力的非编码RNA。近年研究发现,lncRNA广泛参与各种生物学过程,如调控细胞增殖、细胞转移、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等;LncRNA的异常表达与人类各种疾病尤其与恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,相关研究已成为当今肿瘤研究领域的热点和重要科学问题。LncRNA数量繁多,大部分lncRNA功能不清,绝大多数lncRNAs分子调控机制不明确。虽然已经发现一些与肝细胞肝癌(HCC)发生发展与转移密切相关的 lncRNA,但仍只是冰山一角。

近年来,复旦大学生物医学研究院何祥火教授领导的研究团队对非编码RNA在人类恶性肿瘤特别是肝癌中的作用、分子机制及临床意义进行了深入系统的研究,取得系列创新性研究成果,充分揭示非编码RNA不仅在肿瘤的发生发展与转移中发挥重要作用,而且可作为癌症诊断与分型、转移复发与预后预测分子标志物;另外,非编码RNA还可以作为癌症治疗靶标及新的治疗手段,为肿瘤精准诊断与精准治疗带来新的机遇。

日前,何祥火团队在Nature Communications杂志上发表了题为 The LINC01138 drives malignancies via activating arginine methyltransferase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma 的研究论文,鉴定了一个肝癌候选促癌LincRNA LINC01138,揭示了IGF2BP1/IGF2BP3-LINC01138-PRMT5通路在肝癌发生发展过程中的分子机制,此外,还发现LINC01138的高表达可作为肝癌患者临床预后判断的分子标志物。

研究发现, LINC01138高表达的肝癌患者肿瘤体积较大,且高表达与肝癌患者的甲胎蛋白含量以及乙肝表面抗原阳性呈正相关,而且高表达肝癌患者预后较差。体外与体内功能实验揭示LINC01138可以显着促进肝癌细胞的增殖、侵袭与转移能力。

从分子机制上讲,研究人员发现LINC01138可以直接结合胰岛素样生长因-2信使RNA结合蛋白1/3( insulin like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins 1/3 ,IGF2BP1和IGF2BP3,过去有研究表明IGF2BP1/3在肝癌中过表达并且能够促进肿瘤生长)和精氨酸甲基化转移酶5(PRMT5)。其中,LINC01138与IGF2BP1和IGF2BP3的直接结合参与调控其自身RNA水平的稳定性,而与PRMT5的活性区域S腺苷甲硫氨酸结合结构域(SAM-binding domain)的直接结合能够抑制PRMT5的泛素化降解并增加PRMT5的蛋白稳定性(根据过去文献报道以及结合本文的证据暗示E3泛素连接酶为CHIP)。实验还表明,单独敲低PRMT5能显着降低肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭能力。

此外,使用PRMT5的特异性小分子抑制剂(如PJ-68和HLCL-61),可以通过竞争性的结合在PRMT5蛋白的SAM-binding domain,扰乱LINC01138与PRMT5的结合,从而打破LINC01138对PRMT5蛋白稳定性的调控作用,达到抑制肝癌细胞生长转移的效果。


总的来说,该研究鉴定到了一个可能作为肝癌患者临床预后判断的分子标志物LINC01138,而且深入到分子水平揭示了IGF2BP1/IGF2BP3- LINC01138-PRMT5信号轴对于肝癌发生发展调控的机理(上图),为将来肝癌的治疗提供新的视角。据悉,文章的第一作者为李哲博士、张继伟博士和刘歆阳博士,通讯作者为何祥火教授、赵莹珺副教授及高强主任医师。

在今年2月份,复旦大学黄胜林/何祥火合作团队在Cell Reports杂志发表了一篇题为“A LIN28B Tumor-Specific Transcript in Cancer”的论文,在肝癌中通过RNA-Seq的方法鉴定到了一种肿瘤特异性的LIN28B转录本变异体LIN28B-TST,并且发现该转录本的表达受DNA甲基化的调控,该转录本编码一种具有外加N端氨基酸序列的蛋白异构体,对于促进肿瘤的增殖生长具有重要作用。

此外,去年7月份,何祥火和赵莹珺领导的研究团队在Hepatology杂志上在线发表了题为 Long noncoding RNA TSLNC8 is a tumor suppressor that inactivates the interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling pathway 的论文,在与肝癌预后密切相关的人8号染色体短臂(8p)缺失区域发现了一个新的候选抑癌lncRNA分子TSLNC8(Tumor Suppressive Long Noncoding RNA on Chromosome 8p12,TSLNC8)。该分子在HCC组织中拷贝数缺失且表达下调,且其缺失与肿瘤个数、癌栓的有无以及病理分期,及HCC患者的不良预后呈显着负相关。TSLNC8可特异性结合信号转导和激活因子3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3,STAT3) 和转酮醇酶 (transketolase,TKT),通过竞争性结合关系抑制TKT对STAT3-Tyr705 (STAT3-Y705) 和STAT3-Ser727 (STAT3-S727) 磷酸化水平的调控,从而抑制了肝癌细胞内IL-6/STAT3信号通路的活性。

此外,何祥火教授领导的研究团队在miRNA以及环状RNA领域也做出了系统且有影响力的工作。例如,(1)发现miR-181a可靶向多个锌指基因的编码区,揭示miRNA不仅与mRNA的3’ UTR结合,而且可作用于mRNA编码区(Nucleic Acids Research, 2010);建立了解析miRNA与mRNA复杂相互作用调控网络的研究方法,首次用实验方法论证了单个基因能同时被多个miRNA所调控(Oncogene, 2010);(2)发现多个miRNA可作为一类新的癌基因/抑癌基因在肿瘤的发生发展中起十分重要的作用(Hepatology, 2010a,2010b;Nature Cell Biology, 2010);(3)系统鉴定了缺氧微环境(Hepatology, 2011c)、炎癌转化(Hepatology, 2013;Science Signaling, 2015)、肿瘤细胞代谢重编程(Hepatology, 2015;Gastroenterology, 2015)相关miRNA分子,丰富了肝癌发生发展中基因调控网络;(4)解析环状RNA在肿瘤中的存在情况和表达特征,首次发现环状RNA在外泌体中大量存在并高度富集,可作为潜在的肿瘤血液标记物(Cell Res, 2015;Nature Communications,2016)。

原始出处:
Zhe Li, Jiwei Zhang, Xinyang Liu, et al.The LINC01138 drives malignancies via activating arginine methyltransferase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature Communicationsvolume 9, Article number: 1572 (2018) doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04006-0

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    2018-12-13 d830384
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    2018-08-26 liye789132251
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    2019-03-09 mnda
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