The Lancet :野靛碱在肺结核患者戒烟治疗中的作用

2020-11-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

目前的证据并不支持结核病患者通过药物治疗来补充行为支持。需要对在中低收入国家结核病常规护理中实施戒烟行为支持的战略进行更多研究。

结核病是世界上最常见的慢性传染病之一。2018年,估计有1000万人患有结核病,约150万人死于结核病。2017年,约85%的结核病死亡发生在吸烟盛行的非洲和东南亚。由于没有戒烟服务来治疗尼古丁依赖,这些地区的一般人口仍然面临着因吸烟而过早死亡和残疾的风险。将戒烟干预措施纳入中低收入国家的结核病服务,是减少结核病和烟草相关疾病负担的可行解决办法。

大量证据表明,尼古丁替代疗法和尼古丁受体部分激动剂(安非他酮、野靛碱和瓦伦尼克林)是帮助一般人群戒烟的有效策略。而与尼古丁替代疗法和瓦伦尼克林相比,野靛碱的成本要低5至10倍,而且对中度到重度吸烟者有效。然而,野靛碱在中低收入国家结核病患者中的疗效仍不清楚。近日,发表在Lancet 全球健康上的一篇研究就调查了在孟加拉国和巴基斯坦的结核病患者中结合短期行为支持给予野靛碱的有效性和安全性。这篇文章的题目为“Cytisine for smoking cessation in patients with tuberculosis:  a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled  phase 3 trial”

研究者在孟加拉国和巴基斯坦的32个医疗中心进行了随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验。符合条件的患者为在过去4周内确诊患有肺结核的成年人(孟加拉国为18岁;(巴基斯坦,15岁),他们每天吸烟但愿意戒烟。患者被随机分配(1:1)接受行为支持加口服野靛碱(第0天9mg,第25天逐渐减少到1.5mg)或安慰剂,持续25天。随机化使用预先生成的分组随机化列表,按试验地点分层。调查人员、临床医生和患者被随机分配。主要结果是6个月后持续戒断 (自戒烟日起未使用超过5支香烟、比迪斯香烟、水烟或无烟烟草产品),对意向治疗人群进行了初步分析和安全性分析。

在2017年6月6日至2018年4月30日期间,共有2472名患者(来自孟加拉国的1527名患者;来自巴基斯坦的945名患者)被随机分配接受野靛碱(n=1239)或安慰剂(n=1233)。在6个月时,野靛碱组401名(32.4%)和安慰剂组366名(29.7%)参与者实现了连续戒断(风险差2.68%,95%CI 0.96-6.33;相对风险1.09,95%CI 0.97-1.23,p=0.114)。野靛碱组1239名受试者中53名(4.3%)和安慰剂组1233名受试者中46名(3.7%)出现严重不良事件(胞苷组94例,安慰剂组90例),其中91例死亡(胞苷组49例,安慰剂组42例)。所有不良事件均未归因于研究药物。

主要和关键的次要戒烟结果

肺结核治疗成功情况

严重不良事件

总之,在给予行为支持后,很大一部分结核病患者戒烟成功,且往往比一般吸烟者更容易。戒烟的病人也比不戒烟的病人更容易从结核病中康复。然而,通过目前的证据并不支持结核病患者通过药物治疗来补充行为支持。需要对在中低收入国家结核病常规护理中实施戒烟行为支持的战略进行更多研究。

参考文献: DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30312-0

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    2021-07-30 howi
  3. 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    2020-12-09 ms7000001848752962

    学习了

    0

  4. 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    2020-11-18 lovetcm

    #野靛碱#,也叫#金雀花碱#(cytisine),主要来源于豆科槐属植物苦豆子的种子,披针叶黄华,野决明的地上部分,互生野#决明#,小叶野决明,紫藤的种子,豆科植物#金雀花#; 临床用金雀花碱0.15%水溶液供肌肉或静脉注射,可以抢救因手术和各种创伤引起的反射性呼吸暂停、休克和新生儿窒息等症状的病人。此外金雀花碱还可用于生产#戒烟#药、急救药、#止咳#药。 这项研究的背景可能很多人不知道,2011年6月10日的《Science》上的一项研究中,研究者发现,#尼古丁#类药物野靛碱,可特异性的激活控制进食的大脑中枢下丘脑中的烟碱受体。这就导致了一个通路的激活,即在小鼠模型中减少了食物的摄入和体内的脂肪。这种效应是非常特异的,因为这样的一种药物可通过阻止野靛碱与下丘脑中的受体结合,从而阻断食物摄入量的减少。该文章的通讯作者,耶鲁大学的Marina Picciotto博士。结果9年后,临床研究的文章也出来了,这是一步步进化的结果。也许再进一步开发,就成为#创新药#了。

    0

  5. 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  6. 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    2020-11-10 zoupeng2009

    学习了

    0

  7. 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    2020-11-10 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

  8. 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