ASCO 2016:两次自体干细胞移植更有效治疗高危视网膜母细胞瘤儿童患者

2016-06-09 佚名 生物谷

根据一项III期临床试验的结果,对高危视网膜母细胞瘤儿童患者进行两次自体干细胞移植要比接受单次自体干细胞移植在三年后更可能没有癌症。这项临床试验是由来自美国达纳-法伯/波士顿儿童与血液疾病中心(Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center)和西雅图儿童医院的研究人员领导的。它的研究结果已在2016年美国临床肿瘤学

根据一项III期临床试验的结果,对高危视网膜母细胞瘤儿童患者进行两次自体干细胞移植要比接受单次自体干细胞移植在三年后更可能没有癌症。这项临床试验是由来自美国达纳-法伯/波士顿儿童与血液疾病中心(Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center)和西雅图儿童医院的研究人员领导的。它的研究结果已在2016年美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASCO)年度会议上发布。

研究人员发现,这种最初是由美国达纳-法伯/波士顿儿童与血液疾病中心的研究人员在二十世纪九十年代开发的双次移植技术,当与随后的免疫治疗药物配合使用时,会产生更好的治疗结果。

在治疗完成三年后,61.8%的这些接受两次自体干细胞移植---利用他们自己而不是供者的干细胞进行移植---的患者仍然存活,而且没有癌症,相比之下,对接受单次自体干细胞移植的患者而言,这一数字是48.8%。

这项研究主要成员、达纳-法伯/波士顿儿童与血液疾病中心首席医疗官Lisa Diller博士说,“williamhill asia 治疗视网膜母细胞瘤儿童患者的能力在过去25年得到显著提高,特别是引入高强度化疗方案和干细胞移植。这项研究的发现为治疗这种疾病确定一种新的标准。”

来自西雅图儿童医院的Julie R. Park博士也是这项研究的主要成员。

视网膜母细胞瘤是一种起始于大脑外的神经细胞的肿瘤,通常发生在6岁以下的儿童身上。尽管比较罕见---在美国每年大约700例新病例,但是它是第二种最为常见的儿童实体瘤,也是婴儿的最为常见的癌症。

这项临床试验招募了652名新确诊患上高危视网膜母细胞瘤的儿童患者,他们当中的绝大多数人患上IV级(转移性的)视网膜母细胞瘤。这些参与者的中位数年龄是3.1岁。

所有的患者起初接受外科手术和六个疗程高剂量化疗(利用多种药物)。在前两个疗程化疗后,研究人员收集造血干细胞用于移植。

在最后一个疗程化疗结束后,355名被认为适合进行移植的儿童患者被随机地分配接受单次自体干细胞移植和三种化疗药物组合治疗,或者接受两次自体干细胞移植和一种不同化疗药物组合治疗。对接受两次自体干细胞移植的患者而言,第二次移植在第一次移植完成大约6周后开始进行。患者在原发性肿瘤位点进行放疗,在某些情形下,也会在转发性肿瘤位点进行放疗。

这项研究的一部分患者也作为另一项不同的针对药物dinutuximab的临床试验的参与者,在进行自体干细胞移植后接受免疫治疗药物的治疗,其中dinutuximab是2015年被美国FDA最终批准用于治疗视网膜母细胞瘤的一种药物。在这一部分患者中,两次自体干细胞移植也与改善的治疗结果相关联:在接受免疫治疗药物治疗后,73.7%的接受两次自体干细胞移植的患者在第三年时仍然存活,而且没有癌症,相比较之下,对接受单次自体干细胞移植的患者而言,这一数字是55.5%。

研究人员发现在接受两次自体干细胞移植的患者当中,无事件存活期(event-free survival)---在没有疾病复发或第二次癌症产生情形下的存活---和总存活期更高,尽管总存活期的增加在统计学上并不显著。不过,不论是接受两次还是单次自体干细胞移植,严重急性副作用发生率是相类似的。

Diller说,“尽管这些结果是鼓舞人心的,但是williamhill asia 正在使用williamhill asia 治疗手段中毒性最大的药物治疗williamhill asia 的最年轻儿童患者中的一些人。尽管williamhill asia 继续提高存活期,但是williamhill asia 也必须寻找方法降低williamhill asia 治疗方法的毒性和这些儿童患者中的很多人将会遭受的晚期效应(late effect)。”

原始出处

Dual stem-cell transplant improves outlook for children with high-risk neuroblastoma

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    2016-06-11 zutt
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