我国超药品说明书用药现状分析

2015-07-07 伊文 中国医药联盟

超药品说明书用药在国内外医疗机构普遍存在,但使用程度不一,研究显示,常用药品处方中,约有21%属于超说明书用药,其中仅27%有循证医学证据支持其用药的有效性和安全性。目前我国尚缺乏统一的有关我国医疗机构超药品说明书的管理现状的调研数据,基于此,笔者对超药品说明书报道文献及医疗机构进行了调研,相关数据如下。 我国医疗机构超药品说明书涉及的药物种类 笔者对中国知网以“超药品说明书”“药品未注册用法

超药品说明书用药在国内外医疗机构普遍存在,但使用程度不一,研究显示,常用药品处方中,约有21%属于超说明书用药,其中仅27%有循证医学证据支持其用药的有效性和安全性。目前我国尚缺乏统一的有关我国医疗机构超药品说明书的管理现状的调研数据,基于此,笔者对超药品说明书报道文献及医疗机构进行了调研,相关数据如下。

我国医疗机构超药品说明书涉及的药物种类

笔者对中国知网以“超药品说明书”“药品未注册用法”为摘要检索词进行了搜索,时间节点为2014年12月30日,结果112篇文献报道了我国医疗机构超药品说明书的具体种类及比例。在112篇文献中,中成药的超说明书报道最多(14篇,12.5%),其次为消化与代谢系统用药和呼吸系统用药(12篇,10.7%),之后分别为抗感染药物(11篇,9.8%)、神经系统用药(11篇,9.8%)和维生素、微量元素及营养药(8篇,7.1%)。以超药品说明书的平均比例排序显示,在我国医疗机构中,血液和造血系统用药的超药品说明书使用的比例最高(55.0%),涉及的药物种类为静注人免疫球蛋白、白蛋白等;其次为呼吸系统用药(41.0%),涉及的药物种类为氨溴索注射剂、布地奈德等,超药品说明书的主要原因为超剂量使用;之后分别为抗肿瘤药及免疫调节剂(36.3%)、抗变态反应药(34.6%)和神经系统用药(33.8%)。

我国医疗机构超药品说明书的管理现状

基于此,笔者对全国600多家不同的医疗机构进行了为期6个月的超药品说明书的管理现状调研,其中纳入三级医院323家,二级医院301家,初步结果如下:

(1)调研的59.6%医疗机构允许超药品说明书在院内使用,其中三级医院的允许程度大于二级医院,比例分别为68.0%和42.7%。

(2)63.4%的受访者接受超药品说明书用药在院内使用,其中三级医院的接受百分率为71.3%,二级医院的接受百分率为47.9%。

(3)54.7%的调研医院制订了针对超药品说明书用药的管理制度,三级医院和二级医院的比率分别为60.4%和30.3%。

(4)54.4%调研医院制订了超药品说明书用药的管理流程,其中三级医院为65.2%,二级医院为26.0%,管理流程中大部分医院包含了医生提供超药品说明书用药循证依据、医务部或医务科备案、患者签署知情同意书、经药事管理委员会审批讨论以及经临床药师审核等措施。

(5)仅19.7%的调研医院制订了以循证为依据的超药品说明书用药目录,涉及的药物目录包括氨溴索注射剂雾化给药、黄体酮注射液治疗泌尿系结石、阿奇霉素注射剂用于儿童、西地那非(万艾可)用于肺动脉高压、柳氮磺吡啶用于强制性脊柱炎、醋酸甲羟孕酮片用于增强食欲、蒙脱石散外用治疗溃疡等。

(6)仅25.7%的调研医院规定由专人或指定部门对超药品说明书用药效果进行追踪,其中三级医院的比例明显高于二级医院(10.0%左右)。

(7)81.3%的调研医院没有限定特定医生由具有超说明书用药处方权,其中三级医院的比例为76.4%,二级医院的比例为86.5%。

(8)91.6%的的调研医院制订了医院处方集,但85.6%的医院超说明书用药未被列入医院处方集,其中三级医院未列入处方集的比例为83.1%,二级医院未列入处方集的比例为88.5%。

(9)99.1%的调研医院针对超说明书用药进行医嘱审核,其中超过50.0%的医院对超说明书用药进行全部审核,另接近50.0%的医院为偶尔审核或经常审核。(10)9.1%的调研医院发生了发生超说明书用药相关医疗纠纷,其中三级医院的发生比率为18.0%,二级医院的发生比率为1.0%。

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