病例:绝经前HR+年轻中危乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的诊疗思考

2020-07-24 吕青 ioncology

通过回顾一例绝经前激素受体阳性(HR+)年轻中危乳腺癌患者的治疗历程,结合文献分析,探讨了年轻乳腺癌患者的规范化内分泌治疗。

病例简介


1基本情况:


患者,女性,未绝经。1982年出生,个人史、既往史、肿瘤家属史均无特殊。


2病史介绍:


患者因“发现左乳肿块3月余”于2017年10月于我院门诊行乳腺超声检查,结果提示:左乳10点钟方向距乳头2 cm处查见大小约3.5 cm×2.0 cm低弱回声团,边界欠清晰,形态较规则,内可见细弱点状回声,未见明显血流信号,双侧腋窝未见明显增大淋巴结。左乳穿刺结果示:左乳查见浸润性导管癌,雌激素受体(ER+,强,95%)、孕激素受体(PR+,中,80%)、HER2(-)、Ki-67(+,约10%)。


3手术治疗经过:


2017年11月患者因“左乳癌”于我院行“左乳皮下单纯切除+左乳前哨淋巴结切除活检+左腋窝1、2水平淋巴结清扫+左胸大肌后假体植入乳房重建术”,术后病理示:“左乳浸润性导管癌(3级),左腋窝前哨淋巴结1/4枚查见宏转移,左腋窝1、2水平淋巴结10枚未见转移;左乳肿瘤3.4 cm×1.4 cm×1.6 cm,免疫组化示:ER(+,强,90%)、PR(+,中,50%)、HER2(-)、Ki-67(+,约30-40%)。术后诊断为:左乳浸润性导管癌(pT2N1M0,ⅡB期,分子分型:Luminal B型,HER2-)。


4术后辅助治疗经过:


2017年12月行TC方案(多西他赛+环璘酰胺)化疗6周期,化疗同步使用戈舍瑞林,戈舍瑞林于化疗前两周开始使用,2018年6月化疗结束后开始辅助内分泌治疗,使用戈舍瑞林+他莫昔芬(TAM)内分泌治疗,术后随访至今,病情稳定。


治疗方案思考


OFS的获益人群?


ASTRRA研究中接受TAM 5年联合卵巢功能抑制(OFS) 治疗2年对比TAM治疗 5年,显着改善了5年无病生存(DFS)率,绝对获益率为3.6%;同时显着改善了总生存(OS),减少了69%的死亡风险,因此OFS联合内分泌治疗对于绝经前HR+的中高危患者的获益是更加明显的。


SOFT 研究8年随访发现,OFS联合内分泌治疗方案相较于单药内分泌治疗显着提高了DFS率(83.2%对78.9%,P=0.009)及OS(93.3%对91.5%,P=0.01);相较于未化疗亚组,OFS联合TAM在接受化疗亚组的8年无病生存绝对获益率更高(5.3%对3.2%)。


HOBOE-2研究结果显示对于绝经前HR+乳腺癌患者使用OFS+芳香化酶抑制剂(AI) 5年DFS为93.2%,OFS+AI+唑来膦酸5年DFS为93.3%,相较于OFS+TAM显着改善了患者的DFS(HR=0.52,P=0.003)。基于循证医学证据并结合国情,在中国专家共识中提出:对绝经前HR+早期乳腺癌中风险和高风险患者,或STEEP分析的较高风险患者,推荐OFS联合AI治疗,OFS联合TAM治疗也是合理的选择。对存在TAM禁忌证的任何风险级别患者,推荐OFS联合AI治疗。


St. Gallen共识建议如下:对内分泌治疗中卵巢功能抑制的指征选择,St. Gallen共识中专家将风险因素进行评估,在众多的指征里,都提示中危患者推荐联合OFS治疗。


OFS的方式和选择?


卵巢功能抑制的方式有放疗去势、手术去势、药物去势。无论何种卵巢功能抑制手段,目标均是将体内雌激素水平控制在要求范围内。放疗去势并不能100%降低血清雌二醇水平,失败率高达40%,存在永久性去除卵巢功能的潜在风险,因此,临床较少使用。手术去势的优势是术后即刻降低血清雌二醇,进入绝经状态,但存在麻醉及手术的其他风险,而且永久性去除卵巢。药物性去势促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 (GnRHa)能够抑制血清中雌激素水平,其抑制程度与手术去势疗效相当,并且作用可逆,保留生育能力。


在绝经前激素受体阳性的转移性乳腺癌患者中开展的Intergroup研究显示,戈舍瑞林对乳腺癌治疗的客观有效率与手术去势相当,并且安全性和耐受性良好。IBCSG VIII研究发现,戈舍瑞林停药后作用可逆,保留生育能力,24个月的戈舍瑞林治疗结束后,≤39岁的患者90%在1年内恢复月经,≥40岁患者50%在1年内恢复月经[6]。


OFS 能否同步化疗使用?


化疗与OFS治疗的顺序,序贯或同步?SOFT/TEXT研究给予了一定的讨论。TEXT研究中,计划接受化疗的患者接受OFS同步化疗的治疗方案。结果显示,OFS联合AI和OFS联合TAM的5年无病生存率分别为89.8%和84.6%,8年无病生存率分别为86.8%和82.8%。SOFT研究入组的患者如接受化疗,则在末次化疗后8个月内确认绝经前状态后再接受OFS。结果显示,OFS联合AI和OFS联合TAM的5年无病生存率分别为84.3%和80.6%,8年无病生存率分别为85.9%和83.2%。8年OS亚组分析的结果显示,化疗同时给予OFS内分泌治疗(TEXT研究)相较于化疗后序贯OFS内分泌治疗(SOFT研究)OS获益更好[2]。


2019年美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会上发布了中山大学附属第一医院林颖教授的一项研究,基于贝叶斯网络Meta分析评估患者化疗同步或序贯3种内分泌治疗方案(TAM、OFS+TAM、OFS+AI)的选择[7]。研究结果显示三种治疗方案在DFS和OS的获益上没有明显统计学差异。然而,使用贝叶斯算法对不同治疗方案的治疗效果数据进行相对排序,DFS和OS获益方面,发现TAM序贯化疗的排名高于同步治疗;而含有OFS方案的内分泌治疗在DFS和OS获益排序上,同步化疗效果相对优于序贯治疗。因此,建议采用含有OFS的治疗应考虑同步化疗进行。


吕青 ,四川大学华西医院,教授,博士生导师,主任医师,四川大学华西医院乳腺外科主任,乳腺疾病临床研究中心副主任,中共四川省委、四川省人民政府第十一批学术和技术带头人,第二届四川省医学会乳腺病专委会主任委员,第二届中国医师协会乳腺疾病培训专家委员会常委,第一届四川省医师协会乳腺疾病专委会主任委员,第一、二届四川省抗癌协会乳腺癌专委会副主任委员,第一、二届四川省预防医学会乳腺癌预防与控制专委会副主任委员。

 

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