eLife:新发现或通向治疗焦虑和成瘾的新方法

2017-11-15 佚名 中国生物技术网

一项发表在《eLife》上的新研究提供了关于大脑处理奖惩机制方式的新见解,为开发治疗从焦虑到药物滥用等成瘾行为的疾病开辟了新的途径。

一项发表在《eLife》上的新研究提供了关于大脑处理奖惩机制方式的新见解,为开发治疗从焦虑到药物滥用等成瘾行为的疾病开辟了新的途径。

这项研究通过利用啮齿动物模型,来识别与风险评估密切相关的大脑中的特定网络。

该研究的作者Bita Moghaddam博士是美国俄勒冈健康与科学大学医学院的行为神经科学家,他说:“williamhill asia 的行为常常涉及到对有害结果的风险评估。大脑需要把这些风险考虑在内,才能够做出最优的决策。对风险过大的反应会导致焦虑,而反应过弱的话会导致冲动和冒险行为。”

Moghaddam和匹兹堡大学的Junchol Park博士发现,多巴胺神经元的峰值和前额叶皮层(调节复杂认知功能的大脑部分)之间的协调水平存在明显区别。他们发现,当不存在惩罚风险时(在鼠笼中放置食物),大脑前额叶皮层活动与多巴胺水平之间的协调很紧密。

Moghaddam说:“在现实世界中,几乎不存在这种情况。williamhill asia 做的大部分事情都有风险。”

为实现这个目标,研究人员还对小鼠的大脑活动进行了一段时间的测量,在此期间,有10%的时间会出现微小电击。与无惩罚场景形成鲜明对比的是,大脑前额叶皮层活动和多巴胺水平之间的协调性显著下降了。Moghaddam说,这可能是件好事,因为这意味着大脑在正常情况下具备根深蒂固的风险评估能力。

她说:“正常的风险评估功能和有害行为之间存在很好的平衡。”

该研究为其他关于行为或药物治疗多种疾病的研究指明了道路,包括焦虑以及冲动等。这些疾病都存在于大脑自身的生理机能中。Moghaddam说,该研究提供了一些新的研究思路,可以在受测对象进行奖惩任务(比如赌博)时利用功能性磁共振成像进行研究。

作者总结道:“惩罚风险的正确编码,及其对行为和结果的应变,是适应行为和生存的基础。”

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    2018-04-01 clmlylxy
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    2017-11-20 膀胱癌
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    2017-11-29 神功盖世

    学习

    0

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    2017-11-20 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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    2017-11-15 神功盖世

    焦虑成瘾治疗

    0

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