Science:重磅发现!3种肠道菌“点亮”4种癌症免疫治疗

2020-08-15 生物技术君 中国生物技术网

一项新研究中,来自加拿大卡尔加里大学卡明医学院的研究团队发现了哪些肠道细菌可以帮助免疫系统对抗癌症肿瘤,以及它们是如何做到的。

免疫疗法火了好几年,但临床结果却喜忧参半:一些有效的免疫治疗增强了癌症患者的免疫状态,成功摧毁了癌细胞;而另一些没有让患者产生有效反应,最终以失败告终。这是为什么呢?

一项最新的研究在肠道微生物组中发现了新的线索。北京时间8月14日,发表在《Science》上的一项新研究中,来自加拿大卡尔加里大学卡明医学院的研究团队发现了哪些肠道细菌可以帮助免疫系统对抗癌症肿瘤,以及它们是如何做到的。

这一发现让williamhill asia 对免疫治疗产生的临床结果有了新的认识。研究表明,将免疫治疗与特定微生物相结合,可以增强免疫系统识别和攻击诸如黑色素瘤、膀胱癌和结肠直肠癌细胞的能力。

由卡明医学院国际微生物组中心主任兼首席研究员Kathy McCoy博士领导的研究团队专注于利用微生物组的力量来改善健康和治疗疾病。

McCoy说,为了驾驭和指导这种力量,科学家们需要更好地了解细菌在调节免疫系统中的作用。

她说:“最近的研究提供了强有力的证据,证明肠道菌群可以积极影响抗肿瘤免疫,并在提高某些癌症免疫治疗效果上发挥了积极的作用。然而,细菌是如何做到这一点的仍然是个谜。williamhill asia 现在已经可以通过展示特定细菌如何增强T细胞的能力来继续这项工作。”

在研究中,研究人员分离出三种细菌:假长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium pseudolongum)、约氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)和欧陆森氏菌(Olsenella)。

在无菌小鼠实验中,研究人员将这些特殊的细菌与免疫检查点抑制剂一起引入小鼠体内。结果显示,它们在4种小鼠癌症模型中显着增强了免疫治疗的效力。

研究结果表明,特异性细菌对免疫疗法的作用至关重要,它使肿瘤急剧萎缩。对于那些没有接受有益菌治疗的小鼠,免疫治疗没有效果。

研究人员发现肠道假长双歧杆菌通过产生代谢物肌苷来调节并增强了免疫治疗反应。免疫治疗引起的肠道屏障功能下降增加了肌苷的系统转运和抗肿瘤Th1细胞的活化。肌苷的作用依赖于T细胞表达的腺苷A2A受体,并需要共同刺激。

该研究第一作者、McCoy实验室的高级博士后研究员Lukas Mager说:“肌苷会直接与T细胞相互作用,并与免疫治疗一起提高治疗效果。在某些情况下,摧毁了所有的结肠直肠癌细胞。”

研究人员随后证实了膀胱癌和黑色素瘤的研究结果。总之,这项研究确定了一种新的微生物代谢物免疫途径,它被免疫治疗激活,可以用于开发基于微生物的辅助疗法。

McCoy表示,下一步将在人类癌症中试验。与小鼠肿瘤相关的三种有益菌也已在人类癌症中被发现。

McCoy说:“确定微生物如何改善免疫治疗对于设计具有抗癌特性的疗法至关重要,其中可能包括微生物疗法。微生物组是每天生活在williamhill asia 体内和周围的数十亿细菌的惊人集合。对于充分了解它们,并利用这些新知识来提高抗癌治疗的有效性和安全性,以及癌症患者生存率和幸福指数,williamhill asia 还处于早期阶段。”

原始出处:

Lukas F Mager, Regula Burkhard, Nicola Pett,et al.Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.Science. 2020 Aug 13;eabc3421. doi: 10.1126/science.abc3421.

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    2020-08-17 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376163, encodeId=6d6a13e616347, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392406, encodeId=501413924067f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=223081e33b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81733, encryptionId=223081e33b6, topicName=肠道菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa292500107, createdName=1249897bm37(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549613, encodeId=bf7e1549613a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=809195, encodeId=0cc780919513, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a>目前已经发现在肿瘤免疫治疗之前若使用过抗生素,疗效会大幅度下降,同时<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>确实影响免疫治疗效果。因此,接下来应该考虑在肿瘤免疫治疗前和期间,使用<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>进行辅助治疗,也许有一定的作用。同时,可以使用特定的微生物,也许会有更好的效果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=226, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物), TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 16:08:52 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=809186, encodeId=cd108091869c, content=。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73ac5259421, createdName=风湿免疫科医生, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 14:03:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2020-08-17 xxxx1054
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    2020-08-15 lovetcm

    #肿瘤免疫治疗#目前已经发现在肿瘤免疫治疗之前若使用过抗生素,疗效会大幅度下降,同时#肠道微生物#确实影响免疫治疗效果。因此,接下来应该考虑在肿瘤免疫治疗前和期间,使用#益生菌#进行辅助治疗,也许有一定的作用。同时,可以使用特定的微生物,也许会有更好的效果

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376163, encodeId=6d6a13e616347, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392406, encodeId=501413924067f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=223081e33b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81733, encryptionId=223081e33b6, topicName=肠道菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa292500107, createdName=1249897bm37(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549613, encodeId=bf7e1549613a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 02:04:57 CST 2020, time=2020-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=809195, encodeId=0cc780919513, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a07f82814ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤免疫治疗#</a>目前已经发现在肿瘤免疫治疗之前若使用过抗生素,疗效会大幅度下降,同时<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>确实影响免疫治疗效果。因此,接下来应该考虑在肿瘤免疫治疗前和期间,使用<a href='/topic/show?id=5d0ee2249b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益生菌#</a>进行辅助治疗,也许有一定的作用。同时,可以使用特定的微生物,也许会有更好的效果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=226, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82814, encryptionId=a07f82814ec, topicName=肿瘤免疫治疗), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物), TopicDto(id=72249, encryptionId=5d0ee2249b0, topicName=益生菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 16:08:52 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=809186, encodeId=cd108091869c, content=。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73ac5259421, createdName=风湿免疫科医生, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 14:03:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-15 风湿免疫科医生

    。。。。。

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