JNNP:MRI的T2弛豫时间可作为视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍诊断的标志物

2022-06-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍是一种脱髓鞘疾病。它引起与多发性硬化(MS)相似的症状,过去被认为是多发性硬化的一种变体。然而,视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍通常主要影响眼睛和脊髓,多发性硬化也影响脑部。与星形胶质细胞水通

视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍是一种脱髓鞘疾病。它引起与多发性硬化(MS)相似的症状,过去被认为是多发性硬化的一种变体。然而,视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍通常主要影响眼睛和脊髓,多发性硬化也影响脑部。与星形胶质细胞水通道蛋白-4水通道(AQP4)的致病性自身抗体相关。NMOSD特异性自身免疫理论上可以改变血脑屏障(BBB)的生理不透性和脑含水量。在NMOSD发作期间,BBB通透性增加。以及脊髓内存在高病变内T2高信号(“亮点”病变)。在实验模型中,NMOSD患者的血清对BBB完整性有不利影响,组织学显示,在AQP4血清阳性NMOSD患者的非破坏性病变附近的组织中,出现了髓内水肿,表明水稳态失衡。

在AQP4血清阳性NMOSD患者的脑室周围正常白质(NAWM)中,平均扩散率增加,T1/T2加权比降低。由于含水量影响平均扩散率、T1弛豫和T2弛豫时间(T2rt),因此可以解释为NMOSD患者可能有继发于星形胶质细胞损伤的慢性水积聚。使用传统的多回波MR序列,可以计算T2rt,它测量横向平面上磁化衰减的常数。T2rt反映组织中水质子的运动,并在水分含量较高(即水肿)时增加。MRI是诊断和理解NMOSD病理生理学的重要工具。然而,目前尚不清楚脑成像是否与疾病监测有临床相关性,因为只有3.4%的患者出现无症状病变,NMOSD病理生理学的放射学相关性仍然缺失。相反,血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)是星形胶质细胞损伤的生物标志物,最近被证明是监测参与NMO-mentum试验的NMOSD患者炎症活动、复发风险和治疗效果的有用指标。本文假设NMOSD患者的特征可能是脑含水量增加。本研究试图评估这种现象的程度是否与疾病活动相关。通过测量T2rt间接估计NMSOD患者与健康对照组(HC)的脑含水量,并评估这一测量方法的可行性本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上().

在两个欧洲中心登记了77名水通道蛋白-4阳性NMOSD患者和105名健康对照者。对脑双回波turbo自旋回波MR图像进行评估,获得正常出现的白质(NAWM)、灰质和基底节的T2弛豫时间(T2rt)图。采用局部阈值分割技术(Jim 8.0 Xinapse系统)对T2加权和T1加权序列的脑病变进行分割,并计算相应的病变体积。T1低信号病变再充盈后,使用FSL SIENAx软件和FMRIB的集成注册和分割工具管道(英国牛津FMRIB)分割和测量头部大小正常化的脑体积(NBV)、WM(NWMV)、灰质(NGMV)和基底节(丘脑、尾状核、壳核和苍白球)。对于基底节,头部大小标准化体积指的是核的双侧体积。使用FSL分割工具在3D T1加权图像上自动分割GM和WM。1年内临床复发的患者 MRI采集之前或之后的一个月被定义为“发病”。患者和对照组之间的差异通过使用各部位的年龄调整和性别调整线性模型获得的T2rt 进行评估。对临床和MRI变量进行逐步二元logistic回归分析,以确定疾病活动性的独立预测因素。

T2弛豫时间图和组织分割

者白质和灰质结构的T2rt均增加(p:0.014至<0.0001)。20例NMOSD患者被确定为活动期。尽管临床和MRI特征相似,但与临床稳定的患者相比,发病患者的NAWM和灰质T2rt显著增加(p:0.010–0.002)。二元logistic回归分析显示NAWM与疾病活动性独立相关(β=2.06,SE=0.58,Nagelkerke R2=0.46,p<0.001)。本项工作证实了NMOSD的发病机制可以改变BBB通透性,从而肯定脑含水量的假设。因此,使用T2rt间接评估脑含水量,这是一种很容易从常规MR序列(即双回波TSE)获得的定量指标。尽管NMOSD患者的人口学特征与HC相似,但除苍白球外,NMOSD患者的NAWM、GM和基底节的T2rt普遍增加。发病期患者的NAWM和GM的T2rt高于稳定期患者,这是除其他临床和放射学变量外,疾病活动的唯一显著独立预测因子。

NMOSD和HC中T2rt的柱状图

根据研究假设,NMOSD患者的大脑T2rt增加。这种影像结果有助于诊断患者。

原始出处
Cacciaguerra LPagani ERadaelli M, et al MR T2-relaxation time as an indirect measure of brain water content and disease activity in NMOSD

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    2023-04-01 gj0740
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    2022-12-20 xlysu
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