EBCC-11︱术前系统治疗反应良好的乳腺癌患者的局部治疗

2018-03-29 郭宝良 张建国 肿瘤瞭望

在第11届欧洲乳腺癌大会(EBCC-11)第三天上午的临床科学论坛中,来自英国、荷兰、西班牙和奥地利等国的六位教授对新辅助治疗反应良好的患者后续局部治疗的处理策略进行了专题讨论。内容涵盖反应良好的病理判定、标记物的放置和评估、后续能否减少局部放射和手术治疗等热点问题。

在第11届欧洲乳腺癌大会(EBCC-11)第三天上午的临床科学论坛中,来自英国、荷兰、西班牙和奥地利等国的六位教授对新辅助治疗反应良好的患者后续局部治疗的处理策略进行了专题讨论。内容涵盖反应良好的病理判定、标记物的放置和评估、后续能否减少局部放射和手术治疗等热点问题。


新辅助治疗后的病理判定

英国伯明翰伊丽莎白女王医院的Abeer Shaaban教授从临床反应和病理学实际等不同角度出发,指出临床新辅助治疗后病理评估应加入残留肿瘤负荷(residual cancer burden,RCB),腋窝淋巴结大多数与乳房原始病灶反应一致,但确实存在不同差异,临床医生应提供全部治疗信息给病理科医生有助于最终病理判断以便更好的指导临床。

荷兰的F.H.van Duijnhoven教授对以往单独采用活检判定pCR的方式提出不足;通过MICRA研究(Minimally Invasive Complete Response Assessment of the breast after neoadjuvant systemic therapy)阐述如何更好地完成较小的浸润灶病理评估;并指出未来的临床实践中,病理或影像学证实完全缓解后或可避免外科手术。

个体化对待新辅助反应良好患者的术后辅助放疗

新辅助治疗反应良好的患者,若初始腋结阳性并进行术前系统治疗从而达到pCR,此类人群必须要进行放疗吗?巴塞罗那的Meritxell Molla教授就这一热点争议问题展开了论述。辅助治疗研究证实腋结阳性患者放疗后可改善局部和总生存;但术前系统治疗的优势是能够筛选出部分相对低危的患者人群,特别是不同的分子亚型术前治疗效果不同,高侵袭性分子亚型HER2和TNBC的pCR率很高,且和良好预后直接相关,在临床实践中应给予充分关注。

Molla教授通过对以往数据的总结分析表明,对于新辅助治疗反应良好的患者术后辅助放疗应个体化对待,以避免不必要的治疗及伴随的副作用。但现有的循证依据均为回顾性资料分析,此争议仍有待前瞻性的研究解决。

新辅助治疗后乳房局部处理的定位和标记

新辅助治疗后乳房的局部处理,包括术前定位、标记方法及标记物选择等相关问题是外科医生关注的另一个焦点。奥地利维也纳的Peter Dubsky教授对此进行了主题讨论。Dubsky教授提出了SMART(simple,multipurpose,accurate,reliable,trends in location techniques)理念,分析纹身、金属夹、放射线粒子等不同的标记方式在使用过程中出现的问题,指出当前定位标记技术的优缺点。

按照SMART理念,理想的的标记物应该是从诊断开始到手术时只应用一种标记物,既减少成本、合并症和移走率,又能提高患者的满意度。尽管目前金属夹和放射线粒子是较为合适的,但新的理想标记物仍有待开发。

新辅助治疗有助手术“减法”操作

HER2阳性乳腺癌术前双靶向联合化疗pCR率高达65%以上;这部分人群是否能够实现手术治疗的“减法”是临床医生关注的问题。西班牙的Rubio 教授针对HER2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗后保乳术、保腋窝的处理进行了讨论。

以往的研究显示新辅助治疗获得的pCR率增加并不能完全转化为保乳率的提高,究其原因主要是和诊断时设计外科手术考虑的因素相关,如地域差别(发展中国家较低的保乳率),肿块大小(初始T3/4的肿块较少保乳),组织学分级(高组织学分级保乳率低),阳性腋结保乳率低,激素受体的影响等。

HER2阳性乳腺癌对靶向治疗不但乳房原始病灶反应良好,腋结达到pCR的比率更高,目前研究显示可达50%以上,部分研究高达85%。新辅助靶向治疗反应良好的人群能否免于腋窝清扫?目前新辅助治疗后的三大临床实验ACOSOG1071、FN SNAC、SENTINA试验均显示总体人群假阴性率(false negative rate,FNR)不能达到满意结果;但通过提高检出淋巴结数量、采用双示踪剂、精细病理诊断等方式能够有效降低FNR,特别是新近的靶向腋窝解剖学检测(Tagerted Axillary Dissection,TAD)可显着降低FNR,这些都提示部分人群可免于腋清扫。

Rubio 教授以此为目标纳入160例患者进行研究,入组人群以肿块直径小于2cm、cN1-2、组织学分级2-3级的浸润性导管癌为主。肿块HR阳性比例占61%,Ki-67>20%占90%,靶向治疗以曲妥珠单抗或其联合帕妥珠单抗为主,后续相应内分泌治疗和放疗。

结果显示,总体pCR率为58.75%,腋结pCR率为72%,各组治疗都取得了不错的pCR率。手术方式方面,初始预计全乳切除的比例为81%,系统治疗后降低为57.5%,保乳手术为32%,改善显着。腋结方面初始cN0的pN0为95%,初始cN-3转为cN0为72%,手术方式cN0者SLN为主,cN1以上ALND为主。单变量分析显示腋结阳性、高Ki-67、激素受体阴性和pCR有意义相关。

中位随访47个月,5例(3.1%)局部复发,6例(3.7%)患者远处转移,各组之间DFS、OS未见显着差异。该小样本研究结果提示:HER2阳性乳腺癌随pCR率增高保乳率上升;新辅助化疗后cN1患者SLN是准确的;70%的患者可以避免腋清扫;靶向联合治疗能够实现缩小手术范围。

最后一位讲者是来自荷兰的M.van der Noordaa教授。他讨论的内容是新辅助化疗后腋结临床阴性的患者可以不进行SLN,总结以往的临床资料提出设想,让更多的患者通过新辅助治疗进一步缩小手术范围外科获益,但有待于前瞻性研究证实。

这个阶段的演讲整体上更加倾向于通过系统治疗的进步实现局部治疗的减法,尽管内容争议大,且尚无前瞻性研究证实;但理念上符合总体治疗进步的趋势,体现通过最小有效的局部治疗,以避免不必要的手术切除及其伴随的副作用。

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    2018-03-30 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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